Meaning

noun a member of the Caucasoid race

noun the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)

noun United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921)

originIn reference to the ancient Roman and medieval Byzantine racing faction, a calque of Latin albī (“Whites”), albātī (“White-Clads”), factio alba (“the white faction”), or factio albata (“the white-clad faction”) and Byzantine Greek Λευκοὶ (Leukoì, “Whites”).

Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 3.0