Meaning

adjective of or relating to or constituting the vitreous humor of the eye

adjective relating to or resembling or derived from or containing glass

adjective (of ceramics) having the surface made shiny and nonporous by fusing a vitreous solution to it

originFrom Middle French vitreux, from Latin vitreus (“glassy, transparent”), from vitrum (“glass”). The terms vitreous (positive) and resinous (negative) electricity were coined in 1733 by Charles François de Cisternay du Fay, who studied the different behaviour of glass and resin when rubbed with silk and fur, respectively.

Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 3.0