Meaning

noun the official who holds an office

adjective lying or leaning on something else

adjective necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding

originFrom Middle English incumbent, encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”), from Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”) + Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action). Incumbēns is derived from Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”), from Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to…

Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 3.0